Archives of Veterinary Science and Medicine
Archives of Veterinary Science and Medicine is an open access, peer reviewed biannual journal publishes articles related to any field of veterinary sciences including animal nutrition, veterinary science physiology, animal pathology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of disease, veterinary medicine and behavior among animal diseases including wild, domestic and avian. Journal publishes research articles, case reports, reviews, short communications, commentary, hypotheses, ethics reviews, debates and letters-to-the-editor.
Science 4.0: A Unified Operational Framework for Epigenetic Integrity and Systemic Resilience Steering
The transition to science 4.0 represents a fundamental paradigm shift: moving from passive observation to the proactive navigation of biological flows. Building upon the Strategic Energy Transfer (SET) Theory and the identification of epigenetic bottlenecks—specifically the locking mechanism of the NR3C1 gene—this paper consolidates the theoretical foundations and clinical validations of a unified operational framework. By modeling living organisms as complex logistical systems, Science 4.0 provides predictive maintenance tools to prevent systemic exhaustion and optimize biological resilience in high-pressure environments. This comprehensive review integrates data from recent longitudinal studies showing a successful stabilization of the Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) signal (20.20 ng/mL to 20.60 ng/mL), confirming the efficacy of active steering in maintaining systemic sovereignty.<o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p>
Copyright (c) 2026 Archives of Veterinary Science and Medicine
Partial Phallectomy for the Treatment of Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a 25-Year-Old Gelding
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common neoplasm affecting the external genitalia of male horses, in particular aged geldings. This case report describes the surgical management of a large SCC of the glans penis of a 25-year-old gelding using the Williams partial phallectomy technique. The gelding presented with a swollen prepuce with foul-smelling discharge and abnormal micturition. Physical examination revealed an ulcerative mass eroding the glans penis, and cytology indicated squamous epithelial dysplasia with septic neutrophilic inflammation. Based on the lesion’s characteristic cauliflower-like appearance and cytological findings, SCC was suspected and surgical excision was decided. Partial phallectomy according to Williams was performed, selected for its indication for masses invading the tunica albuginea whilst allowing for shorter anaesthesia time due to the gelding’s advanced age. Palpation and ultrasonography of inguinal lymph nodes were unremarkable and lymph node resection was not included in the treatment plan. Postoperative histopathological examination indicated a well-differentiated SCC with vascular and lymphatic invasion though. The horse recovered well with no complications and normal urination one month after surgery. However, three months post-operatively, recurrence was suspected due to preputial sheath enlargement and abnormal ultrasonographic findings, indicative of a metastatic process. This report highlights the challenges associated with the management of equine penile SCC, particularly in aged horses, and the importance of early detection. Williams partial phallectomy proved to be practical and effective, offering a satisfactory short-term outcome. However, the risk of recurrence remains a significant concern and owners need to be aware of the guarded prognosis. <o:p></o:p>
In Vitro Evaluation of Inhibitory Activity of Immunoglobulins Y on the Growth of a Multidrug-Resistant Strain of Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae poses a significant global health threat, causing severe infections like pneumonia and bacteremia with high mortality rates, particularly in vulnerable populations. The rise of resistance to conventional antibiotics necessitates alternative antimicrobial strategies. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) offers a promising, non-antibiotic approach due to its targeted action, high yield, and low risk of inducing resistance, as demonstrated in prior studies against other pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of IgY against an MDR K. pneumoniae strain to address gaps in data for resistant isolates. <o:p></o:p>Methods: An MDR K. pneumoniae strain, confirmed via API 20E and EUCAST 2022 antibiogram, was inactivated with 70% ethanol and used to immunize laying hens intramuscularly with Freund's adjuvant over six weeks. IgY was extracted from egg yolks and purified. Specificity and cross-reactivity were assessed by indirect ELISA against K. pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Growth inhibition was evaluated in Muller Hinton Broth at IgY concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 µg/mL, measuring viable CFU counts at 0, 2, 4, and 8 hours. <o:p></o:p>Results: The MDR strain showed resistance to seven antibiotic classes but sensitivity to chloramphenicol and norfloxacin. Extracted IgY reached peak concentrations at week 7 (210.41 ± 80.72 mg/mL), with SDS-PAGE confirming purity (~186 kDa native, 65 and 27 kDa chains). ELISA revealed high specificity for K. pneumoniae with minimal cross-reactivity. Specific IgY exhibited dose- and time-dependent bacteriostatic effects, significantly reducing CFU (p<0.001) at 100 and 150 µg/mL, achieving up to 92.75% bacterial load reduction after 8 hours, while non-specific IgY had no effect. <o:p></o:p>Conclusion: These results highlight IgY's potential as a safe, scalable alternative for combating MDR K. pneumoniae, offering possible biotechnology development for antibody drugs to combat this bacterium.<o:p></o:p>
Cell Attachment and Detachment of PaTu 8988t and PaTu 8988s Cell Lines Using Thermoresponsive Homopolymer Layers
Polymer brushes such as poly (diethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PDEGMA) are known to prevent protein adsorption and cell attachment to surfaces treated with initiators such as w-mercaptoundecyl bromoisobutyrate (MUBiB). They have been found out to display thermoresponsive behavior, which can be tuned by changing the thickness of the polymer brush or altering its grafting density. PDEGMA brushes with a dry ellipsometric thickness of 5.00 ± 1.00 nm change from cell adherent at 37°C to cell non-adherent at 22°C. On the other hand, the irreversible adsorption of fibronectin to the gold surfaces is also dependent on temperature changes, which in turn affects the adhesion properties of the cells even more. PDEGMA brushes swell below its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) due to the absence of paxillin and action containing cellular structures which are responsible for the adhesion of cells. These characteristics of thin homopolymer PDEGMA brushes make them an interesting constituent for enzyme-free culture of cells such as PaTu 8988t and PaTu 8988s.
Community-Based Surveillance Enables One Health Response to Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreak in Rajshahi, Bangladesh – 2023
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral illness affecting cloven-hoofed animals and causing significant economic losses in Bangladesh. In November 2023, an FMD outbreak in Rajshahi City Corporation was identified through Community-Based Surveillance (CBS). This report documents the One Health response triggered by this CBS alert. Field records from CBS and were used to describe the outbreak response. The investigation included: (1) outbreak detection and laboratory verification; (2) risk communication and community engagement; (3) an emergency two-phase vaccination campaign; and (4) data recording and monitoring. A joint team involving Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Bangladesh Red Crescent Society (BDRCS), the Department of Livestock Services (DLS), and Rajshahi health authorities led the intervention. Early detection by a community volunteer on 10 November 2023 led to rapid confirmation of FMD by the Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI). Risk communication was promptly launched, using culturally adapted materials and interpersonal messaging to promote awareness, safe practices, and trust. The emergency vaccination campaign reached 217 cattle across two phases (December 2023 and February 2025) and achieved full coverage of identified at-risk animals with no adverse events reported. Data recording was maintained throughout, enabling effective monitoring and follow-up. Farmers reported increased acceptance of vaccination and adoption of safer livestock-handling practices. This outbreak highlights how CBS, integrated with a One Health framework, can enable timely detection and coordinated response to zoonotic disease threats. Strengthening CBS, risk communication, and cross-sectoral partnerships is essential for enhancing epidemic preparedness in endemic settings.
A Comparative On-Farm Evaluation of Growth Performance and Feed Efficiency in the TANUVAS Namakkal Gold versus a Standard Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)
This study evaluated the production performance of the newly developed "TANUVAS Namakkal Gold" quail strain in comparison to a standard Japanese quail control within the rural farming systems of Karur District, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 300-day-old chicks (150 per strain) were distributed to selected farmers under a Front-Line Demonstration program. Production traits including body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were meticulously recorded over an 8-week period. Results indicated that Namakkal Gold quails exhibited superior growth, starting with a significantly higher day-old weight (8.45±0.34g vs. 7.83±0.19g) and culminating in an 18.4% higher final body weight at six weeks (326.17±8.81g vs. 275.57±5.42g). While Namakkal Gold quails consumed more cumulative feed (635.6±45.5g vs. 574.0±37.8g), they demonstrated a significantly better overall FCR (2.70 vs. 2.96), indicating superior feed efficiency. The growth pattern differed, with Namakkal Gold achieving peak weight gain later (weeks 3–4) compared to the control (weeks 2–3). The authors conclude that the Namakkal Gold quail strain presents a genetically superior alternative for commercial quail farming, offering significantly enhanced growth rates and better feed conversion efficiency, making it a highly suitable and profitable venture for rural farmers.
Cerebellar Apoptotic Parameters and Circulating MiRNAs in Senile UChB Rats (Voluntary Ethanol Consumers)
Despite the lack of scientific data on the real impact of alcohol consumption in the elderly, excessive drinking is relatively common in this population. Aging is accompanied by reduced water content, diminished hepatic metabolic capacity, and altered brain responsiveness, making older individuals more vulnerable to alcohol-induced neurotoxicity. The cerebellum is particularly sensitive to ethanol, with documented impairments in motor coordination, balance, and cognitive functions. However, the effects of chronic ethanol exposure during senescence remain poorly understood. This study investigated apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signaling in the aged cerebellum of UChB rats, a strain characterized by voluntary ethanol consumption, and evaluated the expression of circulating microRNAs associated with apoptotic pathways. Immunohistochemistry and gene expression analyses revealed no significant changes in cerebellar caspase-3, XIAP, or IGFR1 expression between ethanol-consuming and control aged rats, although minor differences in protein immunolocalization were observed. Conversely, serum levels of miR-9-3p, miR-15b-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-21, miR-200a, and miR-222-3p were significantly upregulated in the ethanol group. Taken together, the findings suggest that senile UChB rats develop a tolerance to chronic ethanol intake, preventing further activation of apoptotic cascades in the cerebellum. Additionally, the modulation of specific circulating miRNAs indicates a potential regulatory or compensatory role in this adaptive response. These miRNAs may serve as molecular indicators of ethanol exposure in aging and contribute to understanding mechanisms of neurobiological tolerance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Archives of Veterinary Science and Medicine
Effects of Ethanol and Caffeine Consumption on Neurogenesis, Cell Proliferation, and Apoptosis in the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampus of Voluntary Ethanol-Drinking Rats
The combination of ethanol and caffeine, through the consumption of “energy” drinks, is becoming increasingly popular, especially among young people, as it is believed that caffeine can antagonize or at least decrease the intensity of the cognitive and motor deficits caused by ethanol intoxication. However, studies have shown that the combination of ethanol + caffeine only decreases the subjective perception of ethanol intoxication without, however, decreasing its intensity. This change in the subjective perception of ethanol intoxication can lead to an increase in the consumption of alcoholic beverages, potentiating the effects of ethanol on the central nervous system. In addition to the known neurodegenerative effects of ethanol, its excessive consumption also has an important suppressive effect on neurogenesis. The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is one of the only structures where there is neurogenesis, the formation of new neurons, throughout adult life. As the hippocampus is involved in important processes such as learning, memory, and mood regulation, studies suggest that the decrease in neurogenesis in this structure may be directly related to the cognitive and behavioral problems presented in patients with alcoholism. The present study analyzed the effects of the simultaneous use of ethanol and caffeine on cell proliferation, neurogenesis, and apoptosis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of UChB rats. Chronic ethanol ingestion triggered significant changes in the hippocampus of the UChB rats with decreased cell proliferation and neurogenesis, a more significant number of apoptotic cells, and reduced volume of the hippocampus. The simultaneous ingestion of ethanol and caffeine partially reversed the damage of ethanol, acting caffeine with a possible neuroprotective effect.
Prevalence of Rumen and Reticulum Foreign Body in Cattle Slaughtered at Jimma Municipal Abattoir, South West Ethiopia
Foreign body ingestion is a non-infectious illness of the fore stomach in animals that has been shown to block the digestive activities of the gastrointestinal tract. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2024 to April 2024 at Jimma municipal Abattoir, Oromia Regional State, Southwest Ethiopia, with the objectives to assess the prevalence of rumen and reticulum foreign bodies, identify types of foreign bodies and associated risk factors. The study animals were selected by using simple random sampling. Both ante mortem and postmortem examinations were employed to examine the live animal and for the recovery of foreign bodies from rumen and reticulum after slaughter, respectively. The chi-square test (χ2 -test) was applied to test if there is any statistically significant association with risk factors. From the total of 300 examined cattle, 79 (26.33%) (95% CI: 21.6 - 31.6) were found positive for the occurrence of indigestible foreign bodies. When the prevalence was compared between among different age groups, different body condition score and origin higher prevalence of foreign bodies 26.94%, 34.38%, 37.94%, 57.14%, were observed in female, age older than 10 years, animal having poor body condition score and unknown area respectively. There is higher significance in different body condition scores and animals originated from different areas with p<0.05. The types of foreign bodies detected were plastics, ropes clothes, wires and both plastic and ropes. From these plastics 39 (49.37%), rope 23 (29.11%), cloth 11(13.92%), wire 4 (5.06%) and both plastic and ropes 2 (2.53) were more frequently encountered of the positive cases, respectively. From the rumen, reticulum and both rumen and reticulum the indigestible foreign bodies were majorly found in rumen 20.3% followed by reticulum 5.33% and less in both rumen and reticulum 0.67% with a statistical difference (p < 0.05). It concluded that appropriate solid waste disposal system and it is important to raise awareness to the community about adequate feed supply to the livestock needs to be implemented in the study area to prevent health risk of cattle.
Assessment of Haematological Profile Clustering Differences in Brucella-Infected Goats across Urban, Peri-Urban, and Rural Areas of Central Uganda
Goats provide income to small and medium-scale farmers in developing countries through sale of meat and skins. Brucella is a zoonotic intracellular pathogen with poorly established impact on haematological profiles among goats. The haematological profiles serve as prior indicators of preclinical and para-clinical assessments. Disease and livestock management systems affect their haematological profiles. This study aimed to assess seroprevalence of asymptomatic brucellosis in apparently healthy goats in central Uganda and establish their associated haematological alterations. Haematological profiles of 396 apparently healthy goats from Kassanda [rural, n = 155, 39%], Wakiso [peri-urban, n = 150, 38%] and Kampala [urban, n = 91, 23%] Districts were determined. Body condition scores and farming systems were recorded. Venous blood samples were screened for brucellosis with Rose Bengal plate test. A complete blood count was determined by microscopy. PCV and haemoglobin were determined by haematocrit and colorimetry, respectively. Brucellosis seroprevalence was 3.33% [n = 13/396] among goats, whereas it was 4.5% [n = 7/155], 3.3% [n = 5/150] and 1.09% [n = 1/91] among animals from rural, peri-urban and urban districts, respectively. Principal component analysis based on haematological profiles generated three clusters from brucellosis-positive samples by site of origin. Haematological profiles varied among urban, peri-urban and rural Brucella seropositive apparently healthy goats owing to grazing systems at different sites. These conditions possibly impacted the stress levels and body condition scores, which allowed the goats to respond differently to the infection.
Acknowledgement to Authors, Reviewers and Editors of Archives of Veterinary Science and Medicine in 2025
Rigorous peer-review is the main part in building the cornerstone of high-quality academic publishing. The editorial team greatly appreciates the authors, reviewers who contributed their knowledge and expertise to the journal’s editorial process over the past 12 months. In 2022, a total of 4 were published in the journal with a median time to first decision of 15 days and a median time to publication of 20 days. The editorial office would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following authors, reviewers and editors for their cooperation and dedication in 2022:
Analysis of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices for the Determination of Silent Risks of Zoonotic Disease Exposure Among Dairy and Abattoir Workers in Bangladesh
Background: Zoonotic infections pose a significant occupational health risk to animal handlers in Bangladesh. Brucellosis, tuberculosis, and anthrax are endemic, yet in-depth epidemiological investigations at the handler-host interface are sparse. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about zoonotic infections among Bangladeshi dairy cattle handlers and slaughterhouse workers. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 272 dairy cattle handlers and 112 slaughterhouse workers in four upazilas, namely Savar, Muktagacha, Shahjatpur, and Karnaphuli, was undertaken. Data on demographic information and KAP regarding the prevention of zoonotic diseases were collected using structured questionnaires. Results: The majority were male, 30-50 years old, with 6-15 years of work experience. Although 67.9% of the slaughterhouse workers had heard of the term "zoonoses," only 17.7% of dairy cattle handlers reported a zoonotic disease. There were significant knowledge gaps regarding transmission modes (65.4% ignorant), preventive measures (41.2% ignorant), and biosecurity practices (46.7% of farm workers and 100% of abattoir workers were ignorant). Glove use was observed only in 0.4% of farm workers, boots in 17.7%, and bare hands in 24.6% during parturition of animals. Alarmingly, 43.8% of abattoir workers considered it ethical to slaughter sick animals for needy consumers, and 77.7% admitted to doing so. Logistic regression revealed that age significantly impacts the knowledge and practices of slaughterhouse workers, with employees aged 40-50 showing better outcomes. Gender also had a small effect, with female workers having a higher positive attitude. Education, experience, and training, particularly over 20 years, were strongly associated with improved outcomes. Conclusion: This research reveals significant knowledge gaps and unsafe practices among high-risk occupational groups. Immediate educational interventions on biosecurity practices and the use of personal protective equipment are necessary to limit the spread of zoonotic diseases in these high-risk occupational settings in Bangladesh.
Acknowledgement to Authors, Reviewers and Editors of Archives of Veterinary Science and Medicine in 2024
Rigorous peer-review is the main part in building the corner-stone of high-quality academic publishing. The editorial team greatly appreciates the authors, reviewers who contributed their knowledge and expertise to the journal’s editorial process over the past 12 months. In 2024, a total of 4 were published in the journal with a median time to first decision of 15 days and a median time to publication of 20 days. The editorial office would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following authors, reviewers and editors for their cooperation and dedication in 2024:
Acknowledgement to Authors, Reviewers and Editors of Archives of Veterinary Science and Medicine in 2023
Rigorous peer-review is the main part in building the corner-stone of high-quality academic publishing. The editorial team greatly appreciates the authors, reviewers who contributed their knowledge and expertise to the journal’s editorial process over the past 12 months. In 2023, a total of 4 were published in the journal with a median time to first decision of 15 days and a median time to publication of 20 days. The editorial office would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following authors, reviewers and editors for their cooperation and dedication in 2023
Copyright (c) 2024 Archives of Veterinary Science and Medicine
Development of a Diagnostic Prototype for the Detection of Salmonella by the LAMP Method and Investigation of Diagnostic Value of this Prototype
Salmonellosis is a contagious disease of humans and animals caused by Salmonella bacteria. The disease affects all animals. But young, pregnant, and nursing animals are more at risk. The main symptom is enteritis. But septicemia, abortion, arthritis, and respiratory diseases can also happen. The LAMP method stands out in the diagnosis of Salmonella. It is easy to use, gives quick results, and does not need an expert. LAMP relies on the isothermal strand-displacement activity of the Bsm (Bacillus subtilis) or Bst (Bacillus stereothermophilus) polymerase enzyme. The method is simple. The reaction components stay at the same temperature. All amplification and fixing occur in one step. In this study, the invasive A (invA) gene, which is widely used for identification of Salmonella at the genus level, was preferred. The LAMP reaction was done at 65ºC for 60 minutes. The results were seen by electrophoresis and with SYBR Green I dye. The LAMP test's detection limit was 3.66x102 cfu/ml for S. Enteritidis. The PCR and RT-PCR tests' limits were 3.66x104 cfu/ml and 3.66x103 cfu/ml. The specificity of the LAMP test was determined as 100%.
Effects of Sodium Butyrate and Rosemary Leaves on Performance, Biochemical Parameters, Immune Status, and Carcass Traits of Broiler Chickens
Effects of sodium butyrate (SB) and rosemary leaves (RL) on growth performance, biochemical profile, immune status, and carcass traits of broiler were evaluated. Fifty-one-day old Hubbard chicks (unsexed) were purchased from Al-Ahram Company for Poultry, Egypt and reared on floor pens in a private farm. The chicks were weighed on arrival and assigned at random into five equal groups, with four replicates each (25 chicks/replicate). Group 1 was fed on a broiler diet without any additions and used as a control. The diets of groups 2 and 3 were supplemented with 500 g/ton SB and 4 kg/ton RL, respectively. In group 4, the diet was enriched with 250g/ton SB plus 2 kg/ton RL. Chicks in group 5 were fed on a diet fortified with 500 g/ton SB plus 4 kg/ton RL. Body weight gain (BWG) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) were determined weekly. Biochemical indexes, immune system function, and carcass traits were determined. The results revealed that supplementing broiler diet with 500g/ton SB plus 4 kg/ton RL increased BWG and FER of birds. This diet decreased serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, (AST) alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and immunoglobulins. It also boosted immunity as it elevated phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, lysozyme activity, and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. Antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus were elevated. It can be concluded that supplementing broiler diet with 500g/ton SB plus 4 kg/ton RL improve performance, normalize biochemical profile, and boost immunity
Prevalence of rumen and reticulum indigestible foreign body in goat at Haramaya municipal Abattoir, Ethiopia
A cross sectional study was conducted on goat slaughtered at Haramaya municipal abattoir from February - August 2021 to determine the prevalence of foreign bodies in rumen and reticulum of goat and to assess the association of risk factors with the occurrence of foreign bodies. Postmortem examination was conducted for the recovery of foreign body from rumen and reticulum. A total of 384 goat were selected using simple random sampling method and of which 193 (50.26%) of them were found positive for indigestible foreign bodies in their rumen and reticulum. Risk factors such as age, body condition score and sex were taken into consideration. There was statistical significance difference between prevalence recorded in adult (49.34%) and old (54.97%, p=0.02). Statistical significant difference were recorded in poor (61.63%) and good body conditioned goat (43.36%, p=0.039). However, no statistical significance difference (P > 0.05) was observed in sex recorded for female (52.19%) and male (12%, p=0.79). The prevalence of plastics foreign body (46.88%) is higher followed by cloth (0.8%), rope (0.8%), wire (0.26), plastic and cloth (0.8) and plastic and rope (0.8). The prevalence of foreign body ingestion found in goat by this study show that the grazing areas were contaminated with plastic material, clothes, ropes, wire and other indigestible materials could pose serious health problem for free grazing animals. Awareness should be created on careless disposal of indigestible materials and the periodical cleaning of these wastes in the grazing area should be established in the study area.
In-Vitro Antimycobacterial Activities of Thymus serrulatus (“Tosigne”) and Trigonella foenum gracium (“Abish”) Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease affecting many people across the world, particularly sub-Saharan Africans. Ethiopia is ranked 7th among the 22 high-TB burden countries in the world. Conventional chemotherapeutic control approaches have faced serious, flourishing drug resistance strains. Traditional herbal remedies have endeavored to supplement or replace ineffective drugs. Methods: This study was conducted using an experimental study design to determine the antimycobacterial activity of leaves of Thymus serrulatus ("Tosign") and seeds of Trigonella foenum gracium ("Abish"). The ethanol and methanol crude extracts of the plants were tested against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv reference strain, SIT149, and M. bovis (BCG and SB1176). Results: Methanol and ethanol crude extracts of Thymus serrulatus and Trigonella foenum gracium have demonstrated promising activity against all the isolates of Mycobacterium species tested. Antimycobacterial activity was documented within an inclusive minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 0.78–50μg/ml for the extracts of two plant species. The highest antimycobacterial effect with a MIC of 0.78μg/ml was obtained in methanol extracts of Thymus serrulatus against most strains of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis isolates except M. tuberculosis H37RV which showed a MIC of 12.5μg/m. For Trigonella foenum gracium, the antimycobacterial effect with MIC was observed in the range of 0.78-12.5μg/ml against M. tuberculosis and M. bovis isolates with ethanol extraction. Conclusions: This finding could serve as baseline information for further antimycobacterial agent study of these plants, and future studies ought to identify the exact bioactive chemicals involved in the antimycobacterial effect.
Copyright (c) 2023 Archives of Veterinary Science and Medicine
Case Report: Intestinal Ligation Mimicking Ureteral Ligation After Ovariohysterectomy in an 11-Month-Old Dog
This case report describes an unusual presentation of intestinal ligation that mimicked ureteral ligation following an ovariohysterectomy in an 11-month-old female dog. The clinical signs, diagnostic imaging, surgical findings, and postoperative management are discussed. This case highlights the importance of thorough diagnostic evaluation in postoperative patients to differentiate between potential complications.
Antimicrobial Resistance: Misuse or Overuse of Antibiotics?
The effectiveness of antibiotics in treating infections in patients is declining as antibiotic-resistant bacteria become alarmingly powerful. We might be failing to understand the cliche that the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is caused by the overuse and abuse of antibiotics. The high cost of pharmaceuticals serves as an example of the failure of the current system. Over $5 billion is spent on one drug that takes about 15 years to develop. The process of creating new drugs is an open loop system that receives little input. This inefficient system creates medications that are only effective for a small subset of the target population while posing significant risks and side effects to the majority because drugs are not personalized. This problem cannot be solved by simply increasing R&D expenditure
Copper and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Experimental Considerations in their Application as Antimicrobial against
The antimicrobial action of copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by using neem leaf extract against Leptospira hyos was evaluated. The experiment involved cultivating L. hyos as a test bacterium in a medium supplemented with 8% serum and the application of different concentrations of the NPs as treatments. The synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticle was validated as shown by its absorption peak at a wavelength of 265 nm in UV-Visual spectroscopy while that of the zinc oxide nanoparticle registered an absorption peak at a wavelength of 270 nm. The efficiency of the copper and zinc nanoparticles as antimicrobials against L. hyos was related to the significant differences in the reduction of mean recovery counts expressed in McFarland units (MFUs) as an effect of NP concentration and duration of exposure time. Result of the study led in the definition of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the copper and zinc oxide NPs at 10%. These data provide a basis in validating these nanoparticle preparations as potential agents for the control of leptospira infections in animal production settings.
Acknowledgement to Authors, Reviewers and Editors of Archives of Veterinary Science and Medicine in 2020
Rigorous peer-review is the main part in building the corner-stone of high-quality academic publishing. The editorial team greatly appreciates the authors, reviewers who contributed their knowledge and expertise to the journal’s editorial process over the past 12 months. In 2020, a total of 10 were published in the journal with a median time to first decision of 15 days and a median time to publication of 20 days. The editorial office would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following authors, reviewers and editors for their cooperation and dedication in 2020:
Copyright (c) 2022 Archives of Veterinary Science and Medicine
Acknowledgement to Authors, Reviewers and Editors of Archives of Veterinary Science and Medicine in 2021
Rigorous peer-review is the main part in building the corner-stone of high-quality academic publishing. The editorial team greatly appreciates the authors, reviewers who contributed their knowledge and expertise to the journal’s editorial process over the past 12 months. In 2019, a total of 11 were published in the journal with a median time to first decision of 15 days and a median time to publication of 20 days. The editorial office would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following authors, reviewers and editors for their cooperation and dedication in 2021:
The Isolation, Cloning, Characterization and Conservation among the Psittacidae of a Sex-Specific, Tandemly Repeated DNA Component from the African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus)
Abstract not available in the source database.
Acknowledgement to Authors, Reviewers and Editors of Fortune Journal of Archives of Veterinary Science and Medicine in 2021.
The Susceptibility of Swine Abortion-Associated Leptospira hyos to Disinfectants
Evaluation on the sensitivity of the S-shaped and hook-ended swine abortion-associated Leptospira hyos to disinfectants was undertaken and validated by monitoring recovery counts in McFarland units (MFU). The disinfectants for evaluation included phenol, quaternary ammonium, formaldehyde, chlorine and potassium alum, each prepared in 10, 25 and 50% solutions in sterile deionized water and the pathogen reaction to the disinfectants was evaluated after 30 min and 1 hr exposure time. Results show that in the first 30 min, comparably higher L. hyos MFU was associated with the application of 10 and 25% phenol compared to significantly lower MFUs obtained with 50% phenol. The susceptibility of L. hyos to quaternary ammonium was shown by comparably higher MFUs relative to the application of 10 and 25% quaternary ammonium in contrast to the significantly lower MFU relative to the application of a higher quaternary ammonium concentration (50%). Higher L. hyos MFU was also associated with the application of 10% formaldehyde in contrast to the significantly lower MFU obtained relative to 25% formaldehyde application, with the least MFU linked with the 50% formaldehyde concentration. A trend marked by significantly higher L. hyos MFU was linked to the application of 10% chlorine, a lower MFU associated with 25% chlorine, while the least MFU recorded with 50% chlorine. The application 10 and 20% potassium alum contributed to comparable and significantly higher L. hyos MFU contrary to nil MFU related with 50% potassium alum application. Data obtained after 1 hr application of phenol, quaternary ammonium, formaldehyde, chlorine and potassium alum in 10%, 25% and 50% concentrations contributed to the recorded nil MFUs of L. hyos compared to data obtained in the first 30-minute exposure. These data highlight the significant action of the disinfectants on L. hyos which were apparently activated by disinfectant concentration and duration of exposure.
Copyright (c) 2021 Archives of Veterinary Science and Medicine
Caudal Epidural Xylazineor Xylazine/Lidocainecombination in Camels (Camelus Dromedarius) and its Reversal by Atipamezole
Caudal epidural xylazine 2% (0.15 mg/kg) or xylazine (0.10 mg/kg) /lidocaine 2% (0.22 mg/kg) combination anesthesia through the first intercoccygeal space was evaluated in 8 camels (16 trials). The total volume administered was fixed at 5.0 ml by adding 0.9% NaCl. The onset of epidural anesthesia was significantly faster (P<0.05) with xylazine/lidocaine (3.5 ± 0.4 minutes) than with xylazine (8.4 ± 0.4 minutes) while the duration was significantly longer ( P>0.05) with xylazine/lidocaine (98.3 ± 1.0 minutes) than with xylazine (71.6 ± 1.8 minutes). The reversal of epidural xylazine or xylazine/lidocaine induced- analgesia with IV atipamezole at (5.0 µg/kg, 10.0 µg/kg or 15.0µg/kg) was evaluated in 8 camels (13 trials). The total volume administered was fixed at 5.0 ml by adding 0.9% NaCl. Atipamezole at 15.0 µg/kg was the optimum dose rate for reversing the analgesic effect and provoked marked signs of arousal within few seconds without any side effects. We can concluded that caudal epidural anesthesia was easily performed in camels in standing position with xylazine or its combination with lidocaine. IV atipamezole at 15.0µg/kg for effectively reversing the induced caudal epidural anesthesia.
The Detection of Bornavirus in Birds, Mammals and Snakes by Sandwich ELISA of Bornaviral Matrix Protein
This study describes a further analysis of the detection of bornaviral antigens by sandwich ELISA. The results show that using chicken anti-psittacine bornaviral P16 matrix protein antibody for capture and rabbit antibody to this protein for detection, recombinant matrix protein of mammalian as well as of distantly related snake bornavirus can be detected, suggesting that a single procedure can be used for the diagnosis of highly divergent bornavirus infections.
The Involvement of Leptospira Spp. in Swine Abortion and Susceptibility of the Pathogen to Antibiotics
The involvement of Leptospira spp. in thirty-five (35) out of fifty (50) cases of swine abortion was investigated which further required evaluation of pathogen susceptibility to a panel of antibiotics. Samples of urine from aborting sows were collected to recover the pathogen, amplify its 16S rRNA gene to confirm its identity and monitor cell density in McFarland Units (MFU) as a measure of susceptibility to antibiotics. The study permitted the isolation and evaluation of Leptospira spp. morphology, demonstration of 3 amplicon products of the 16S rRNA genes with molecular sizes of 1050 to 1080 bp and identification of 2 Leptospira spp. and L. hyos after gene sequencing. The susceptibility of the identified L. hyos to Cephalexin, Neomycin, Clindamycin, Ciprofloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole prepared at different concentrations (25 µg, 35 µg and 50 µg) and evaluated after 6 and 12 hour-exposure time was marked by lower cell densities of recovered L. hyos relative to the application of higher (35 µg and 50 µg) antibiotic concentrations. Significant reduction in cell densities at 12-hr compared to data obtained on the 6-hour were demonstrated and underscored the susceptibility of L. hyos as effects of antibiotic concentration and duration of exposure time. The bactericidal action of 25 µg Ciprofloxacin; and 25 and 35 µg Sulfamethoxazole against L. hyos were established at 6-hour exposure time and that this bactericidal action was maintained until the 12-hr with the application of Neomycin and Ciprofloxacin at 35 and 50 µg and Sulfamethoxazole at 50 µg. These data highlight usefulness of the antibiotics in the treatment of abortion-associated Leptospira infections when administered at the concentrations described.
Histological Classification in Canine Mammary Tumors: Back to Basics
Histopathological examination of a tumor is essential, and all neoplasms must be diagnosed microscopically, which means that all the histological features from the tumor must be taken part to reach the final diagnosis [1]. This evaluation allows us to infer prognostic factors that must be considered basic in the thera-peutic orientation of these lesions. Additionally, it has been well described that breast cancer and canine mammary tumors share similarities regarding morphology and biological behavior.