Comparative Efficacy of various GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in the Managamenet of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with rising global prevalence, necessitating effective glycemic control to reduce complications. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are key therapies offering glucose lowering, weight reduction, and cardiovascular benefits. Multiple agents exist, but their comparative efficacy remains unclear. This meta-analysis of 35 randomized controlled trials involving over 15,500 patients compared efficacy and safety among semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, and lixisenatide. Semaglutide showed the greatest mean HbA1c reduction of -1.5% (95% CI: -1.7 to -1.3) and weight loss of 4.5 kg, with liraglutide and dulaglutide following. Gastrointestinal adverse events were common but generally mild. These findings support semaglutide as the most efficacious GLP-1 RA, guiding optimal T2DM management.