Determinants of Acceptance and Hesitancy on Measles-rubella Vaccination Uptake: A Household Survey in Bayelsa State, Niger-Delta Region

Abstract

Background: Measles and rubella were significant public health challenges globally, particularly in Nigeria, where vaccination uptake faced numerous barriers due to prevailing myths, misinformation, and socio-cultural beliefs. These factors contributed to vaccine hesitancy, impacting the control of these diseases. The study aimed to identify and understand the determinants of acceptance and hesitancy toward measles-rubella vaccination uptake among households in Bayelsa State, Niger Delta Region, examining sociodemographic factors, beliefs, information sources, trust in health systems, and accessibility.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed, involving a household survey of 600 participants across eight Local Government Areas in Bayelsa State. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed for associations between caregiver characteristics, beliefs, and vaccination uptake.

Results: The findings revealed that 88% of children had received the measlesrubella vaccine, with 62% receiving one dose and 38% receiving two doses. High levels of skepticism were noted about beliefs linking the vaccine to infertility, autism, and immune system weakening. Health workers were identified as the primary source of information, and a majority of respondents expressed high trust in health authorities. Accessibility of vaccination services was generally perceived positively, although long waiting times and transportation costs were significant barriers.

Conclusion: The study highlighted a commendable level of vaccine acceptance in Bayelsa State but also identified critical barriers to vaccination uptake. Addressing misinformation and improving accessibility through targeted public health strategies could enhance vaccination rates and ultimately contribute to the control of measles and rubella in the region.